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<text id=92TT0542>
<title>
Mar. 16, 1992: Saudi Arabia:A Modest Step Forward
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Mar. 16, 1992 Jay Leno
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 42
SAUDI ARABIA
A Modest Step Forward
</hdr><body>
<p>King Fahd loosens his grip on the government
</p>
<p> Fifteen years ago, when King Fahd was still Crown Prince, he
pledged to establish a citizens' consultative council upon
ascending Saudi Arabia's throne. But after he came to power in
1982, Fahd found ample excuses to confine decision making within
a narrow family circle. Then came Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait
and the subsequent arrival of more than 500,000 U.S. troops in
the region. While President Bush maintained that Desert Storm
was not designed to promote democracy in the gulf's
oilagarchies, the campaign to liberate Kuwait prodded
conservative Arab rulers to broaden public participation.
</p>
<p> Last week King Fahd finally introduced modest but
significant political reforms. He extended the concept of shura
(consultation) beyond the informal tradition of hearing
petitions from private citizens. In an 83-article decree, he
announced plans to establish a 60-member consultative council,
and he also codified governmental protections of personal
freedoms for 7 million subjects and 5 million foreign residents.
Since the edict also affirmed the absolute authority of the
monarch, it neither transforms Saudi Arabia into a model
democracy nor positions Fahd as a regional pioneer. The Emir of
Kuwait, for instance, has made a bolder pledge: to hold
parliamentary elections next fall. Nonetheless, Fahd's decree
represents a serious step toward including nonroyal voices in
policy discussion.
</p>
<p> Tellingly, the first of the articles declares that the
reforms are all grounded in Muslim theology. By affirming his
devotion to Islam, the monarch hopes to enlist the support of
clerics and scholars. Without their backing, Fahd risks losing
control of the ideological battleground between progressive
middle-class Saudis and conservative religious extremists, who
have launched a campaign denouncing secular influences. In
recent months fundamentalists have increased their harassment
of women who dress "immodestly" and have intruded into homes
where people are suspected of drinking alcohol. Fahd's decree
bans such actions.
</p>
<p> The composition of the new council remains a mystery. It
may embrace only technocrats or include religious and tribal
leaders as well. "This is just the beginning of a process of
building a political system," says Shireen Hunter, of
Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies. It
may create new unpre dictability, but it should also reinforce
public support for the regime.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>